A Novel PMSM Hybrid Sensorless Control Strategy for EV Applications Based on PLL and HFI

In this paper, a novel hybrid sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives applied to Electric Vehicles (EV) is presented. This sensorless strategy covers the EV full speed range and also has speed reversal capability. It combines a High Frequency Injection (HFI) technique for low and zero speeds, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for the medium and high speed regions. A solution to achieve smooth transitions between the PLL and the HFI strategies is also proposed, allowing to correctly detect the rotor position polarity when HFI takes part. Wide speed and torque four-quadrant simulation results are provided, which validate the proposed sensorless strategy for being further implemented in EV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

IPMSM torque control strategies based on LUTs and VCT feedback for robust control under machine parameter variations

In recent years, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSMs) have attracted a considerable attention in the scientific community and industry for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems. Lookup Table (LUT) based Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategies are widely used for IPMSM torque control. However, LUTs strongly depend on machine parameters. Deviations of these parameters due to machine ageing, temperature or manufacturing inaccuracies can lead to control instabilities in the field weakening region. In this paper, two novel hybrid IPMSM control strategies combining the usage of LUTs and Voltage Constraint Tracking (VCT) feedbacks are proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned controllability issues. Simulation results that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches are presented.Postprint (author's final draft

Análisis de las estrategias de exportación de vino: el caso chileno en países emergentes

47 p.La industria del vino ha ido en aumento en cuanto a volumen y valor del vino exportado. Chile como país exportador de vino ha logrado situarse entre los principales países exportadores del mundo, siendo el cuarto a nivel mundial y el primero entre los países del nuevo mundo. En esta investigación se analizaron las ventajas competitivas, asociadas a la estructura de los costos arancelarios y los costos por litro de vino (Costo de compra de uva, costo de producción y comercialización y el costo seco). Además se realizó un análisis de la cadena de valor, en el cual se analizaron las actividades en la producción primaria, la industria de vinificación y la comercialización. Posteriormente se generaron recomendaciones de posicionamiento del sector vitivinícola chileno. Al analizar las ventajas competitivas se comparó el modelo exportador vitivinícola de Chile, con el de Argentina y Australia, ya que estos pertenecen a los países del nuevo mundo y están el mismo hemisferio y poseen casi los mismos mercados de exportación. En el primer análisis Chile resulto ser el país más competitivo por tener menores costos arancelarios y costos por litro de vino que Argentina y Australia. Lo que le da Chile una ventaja competitiva en las exportaciones. En el análisis de la cadena de valor de la producción primaria Chile, Argentina y Australia presentan ventajas en sus variedades insignia por las características propias y el volumen de producción, solo que Chile no es la variedad que más produce a diferencia de sus competidores que la mayor variedad producida es la insignia. En la industria de vinificación los vinos producidos se comercializan de dos formas fraccionadas y a granel, obteniendo más valor el primero, Chile y Argentina más del 50% son vinos fraccionados y en Australia más del 50% es a granel. En cuanto a tecnología e integración de viñedos los tres países presentan las mismas condiciones, las cuales influyen en la calidad del vino producido, pero se diferencian en cuanto a productividad de la mano de obra y los sistemas de conducción empleados. En la comercialización de vino Chile tiene volúmenes de venta similares entre sus principales importadores, mientras que Argentina y Australia concentran más volúmenes ventas en los dos principales países importadores. Al generar la recomendación de posicionamiento, se basó según las deficiencias y las ventajas observadas en el análisis de competitividad y en la cadena de valor, proporcionando recomendaciones para potenciar las ventajas y disminuir las deficiencias en las exportaciones vitivinícolas de Chile./ABSTRACT: The wine industry has been increasing both volume and value of its exported wine. Chile, as a wine exporting country, has managed to become one of the world's leading exporters, the fourth largest in the world and the first within the new world. In this research the competitive advantages associated to the structure of tariff costs and the costs per liter of wine were analyzed (Purchase costs of grapes, production costs and commercialization and dry costs). In addition, a value chain analysis was carried out, in which the primary production activities, the wine industry and commercialization were analyzed. Subsequently, recommendations were made for the positioning of the Chilean wine sector. While analyzing the competitive advantages, Chile's export model was compared to Argentina’s and Australia’s, since these belong to the new world countries and are in the same hemisphere and have almost the same export markets. In the first analysis Chile proved to be the most competitive country due to lower tariff costs and lower costs per liter of wine than Argentina and Australia. This gives Chile a competitive exporting advantage. In the analysis of the value chain of primary production, all three countries present advantages in their flagship varieties due to their own characteristics and volume of production. However, Argentina and Australia produce significantly more of their flagship variety than the other varieties they produce. In the winemaking industry, the wines produced are sold in two forms, fractional and bulk, with the first being worth more. In Chile and Argentina more than 50% of the production is fractionated wines, whereas in Australia more than 50% is produced in bulk. In terms of technology and integration of vineyards, the three countries have similar conditions, which influence the quality of the wine produced. However, they differ in workforce productivity and the managing systems used. As for the marketing of wine, Chile has similar sales volumes among its main importers, while Argentina and Australia concentrate more sales volume in their two main importing countries. The market positioning recommendation of this thesis was based on the deficiencies and advantages observed in the analysis of competitiveness and in the value chain, suggesting ways to enhance the advantages and reduce the deficiencies in Chilean wine exports

Proyecto Geoparque Pillanmapu: estrategias de gobernanza local para la resiliencia ante escenarios multiamenaza en Chile Central

Aproximadamente a 272 km al sur de Santiago de Chile se encuentra la región del Maule, territorio con una gran geodiversidad cordillerana, siendo objeto de interés científico, particularmente en la comuna de San Clemente – 4.504 km2 de superficie y 41.366 habitantes – por albergar importantes volcanes, que si bien, por más de 5 décadas han estado sin variaciones (o en alerta verde) representan un alto riesgo asociado (Descabezado Grande #19, Quizapu #10 según el Ranking de Riesgo Específicode la Red de Vigilancia Volcánica del SERNAGEOMIN). A ellos contrasta la inestabilidad presente en el Complejo Volcánico Laguna del Maule (CVLdM, #27 Ranking de Riesgo Específico), lo que permite afirmar que se encuentra por sobre su línea base, siendo una de las tres Alertas Amarillas volcánicas en Chile durante el 2021. El acceso principal a esta comuna se da en dirección este por la Ruta pavimentada CH-115 o Paso Internacional Pehuenche, donde se recorre toda la Región hasta la frontera con la República de Argentina. Lo anterior hace a esta comuna un territorio clave, junto a otras 5 más (Romeral, Curicó, Colbún, Molina y Linares), para ser reconocidas como un Geoparque Mundial UNESCO. Dada su naturaleza multiamenaza, la consolidación del proyecto Geoparque Pillanmapu (Fig. 1) permite desarrollar un modelo de gestión territorial que establece una línea base de acciones, consagrando el desarrollo de un modelo de gobernanza 'Ciencia- Sociedad', que integre a los actores clave tanto del sector público como privado, llegando a tomadores de decisiones a nivel local y regional, fomentando, así, la resiliencia y sostenibilidad en los territorios de Montaña de la región

Neprilysin: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Arterial Hypertension?

Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in the adult population of developed countries and it constitutes a significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, contributing to the emergence of many comorbidities, among which heart failure excels, a clinical syndrome that nowadays represents a major health problem with uncountable hospitalizations and the indolent course of which progressively worsens until quality of life decreases and lastly death occurs prematurely. In the light of this growing menace, each day more efforts are invested in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology, searching for new therapeutic options that allow us to modulate the physiological systems that appear among these pathologies. Therefore, in the later years, the study of natriuretic peptides has become so relevant, which mediate beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level such as diuresis, natriuresis, and decreasing cardiac remodeling; their metabolism is mediated by neprilysin, a metalloproteinase, widely expressed in the human and capable of catalyzing many substrates. The modulation of these functions has been studied by decades, giving room to Sacubitril, the first neprilysin inhibitor, which in conjunction with an angiotensin receptor blocker has provided a high efficacy and tolerability among patients with heart failure, for whom it has already been approved and recommended. Nonetheless, in the matter of arterial hypertension, significant findings have arisen that demonstrate the potential role that it will play among the pharmacological alternatives in the upcoming years

IRE1α Activation in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Modulates Innate Recognition of Melanoma Cells and Favors CD8+ T Cell Priming

The IRE1α/XBP1s signaling pathway is an arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that safeguards the fidelity of the cellular proteome during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and that has also emerged as a key regulator of dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis. However, in the context of DC activation, the regulation of the IRE1α/XBP1s axis is not fully understood. In this work, we report that cell lysates generated from melanoma cell lines markedly induce XBP1s and certain members of the UPR such as the chaperone BiP in bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs). Activation of IRE1α endonuclease upon innate recognition of melanoma cell lysates was required for amplification of proinflammatory cytokine production and was necessary for efficient cross-presentation of melanoma-associated antigens without modulating the MHC-II antigen presentation machinery. Altogether, this work provides evidence indicating that ex-vivo activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in BMDCs enhances CD8+ T cell specific responses against tumor antigens

Traumatic subarachnoid pleural fistula in children: Case report, algorithm and classification proposal

Subarachnoid pleural fistulas are rare. They have been described as complications of thoracic surgery, penetrating injuries and spinal surgery, among others. We present the case of a 3-year-old female child, who suffer spinal cord trauma secondary to a car accident, developing a posterior subarachnoid pleural fistula. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a pediatric patient with subarachnoid pleural fistula resulting from closed trauma, requiring intensive multimodal management. We also present a management algorithm and a proposed classification. The diagnosis of this pathology is difficult when not associated with neurological deficit. A high degree of suspicion, multidisciplinary management and timely surgical intervention allow optimal management

Chemical Composition, Starch Digestibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Tortilla Made with a Blend of Quality Protein Maize and Black Bean

Tortilla and beans are the basic components in the diet of people in the urban and rural areas of Mexico. Quality protein maize is suggested for tortilla preparation because it presents an increase in lysine and tryptophan levels. Beans contain important amounts of dietary fiber. The objective of this study was to prepare tortilla with bean and assesses the chemical composition, starch digestibility and antioxidant capacity using a quality protein maize variety. Tortilla with bean had higher protein, ash, dietary fiber and resistant starch content, and lower digestible starch than control tortilla. The hydrolysis rate (60 to 50%) and the predicted glycemic index (88 to 80) of tortilla decreased with the addition of bean in the blend. Extractable polyphenols and proanthocyanidins were higher in the tortilla with bean than control tortilla. This pattern produced higher antioxidant capacity of tortilla with bean (17.6 μmol Trolox eq/g) than control tortilla (7.8 μmol Trolox eq/g). The addition of bean to tortilla modified the starch digestibility and antioxidant characteristics of tortilla, obtaining a product with nutraceutical characteristics

Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela [version 3; referees: 2 approved]

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population